Referential trouble has been redefined as the real or potential problems in using or understanding referential expressions in daily conversation.
指称偏误是指日常会话中指称短语使用或理解过程中出现的实际或潜在的问题。
Referential choice in narrative discourse is mainly affected by three factors: referential distance, ambiguity of referential expressions, and the relationship between referents and focus of a topic.
叙述语篇中的指称选择主要受到三个因素的影响：指称距离，指称对象是否引起歧义，指称对象与话题焦点的关系。
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